This is session 3 of Chapter: Probability | ICSE Class 10.
In this session, Jagrat Sir will take you through the following Learning Objectives for Class 10 Maths :
Objectives
π²Mind map of probability.
π²Multiple choice questions
π²Concept based questions
π²Subjective assessments.
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Probability
Basic terms and Concepts
1.Experiment:A process which results in some well-defined outcomes is known as an experiment
For example: Tossing of a coin results either in a head or a tail. These are well-defined outcomes.
2. Random Experiment:
A random experiment is the one in which all the outcomes of the experiment are known in advance, but specific outcome of the experiment is not known in advance.
1.A random experiment may result in two or more outcomes.
2.Tossing of a coin and throwing a dice are examples of random experiment.
3.Sample Space:
The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called sample space and it is denoted by the letter S.
For example: the sample space of tossing a coin is S = {H, T} where H and T denote heads and tails –the two outcomes of the experiment.4. Equally Likely Outcomes:1.In case of tossing a coin, there are equal chances of a head or a tail coming up. The outcomes are known in advance. So the outcomes of head and tail are equally likely.2.In case of throwing a dice, any one of the following numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6) will show up. There are equal chances for any of these numbers to show up. So the outcomes are equally likely.5.
Event:
An outcome of a random experiment is called an event.
For example: getting a head or tail is an event in the experiment of tossing a coin.
Probability
The probability of an event denotes the likelihood of its happening. The probability of happening of an event E is denoted by P (E).P (E) =ππ’ππππππππ£πππ‘π (ππ’π‘πππππ )πππ£ππ’ππππππ‘ππΈπππ‘ππππ’ππππππππππππ π ππππππ’π‘πππππ For example, the probability of getting a head while tossing a coin is12
Types of Probability:
1. Empirical (or experimental) probability:
When the probability is based on an actual experiment, it is called an empirical (or experimental) probability.
For example: A coin being tossed 100 times.
2. Classical (or theoretical)probability
When an experiment need not be performed for calculating the exact probability, the probability so obtained is called classical (or theoretical probability).While calculating classical probability, we make certain assumptions and one of these assumptions is that all outcomes are equally likely.
Impossible event and sure event:-
Probability of any event can never be less than 0 or more than 1, i.e.,0≤p(E)≤1.
If the probability of an event = 0; then the event is called an impossible event.
If the probability of an event = 1; then the event is called a certain or sure event.
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